organizational chart

Difference between Intermittent and Continuous Production System Difference between intermittent and continuous production system; based on 10 points.Image credits � Prof. Mudit Katyani. Nature of product. Flexibility of process. Scale of production. Per unit cost. Range of products. Instructions. Staff. Storage of final products. Location change. Capital invested. Now let's distinguish

Steps or Procedure of Routing in Production Following image depicts main steps or procedure of routing in production.Following important steps are involved in the procedure of routing: Product analysis determines what to manufacture and purchase. Product-analysis is done again to determine materials required for production. Fix the manufacturing operations and their sequences. Decide the number

Steps in Production Planning and Control According to the British Standards Institute, there are four stages, steps, techniques or essentials in the process of production planning and control.The four stages or steps in production planning and control are: Routing, Scheduling, Dispatching, and Follow-up. Initial two steps i.e. Routing and Scheduling, relate to production planning.Last two steps

Functions of Production Planning and Control Functions of production planning and control are listed and explained below.The importance or functions of production planning and control: Utilizes resources effectively. Makes flow of production steady. Estimates production resources. Maintains necessary stock levels. Coordinates departmental activities. Minimizes wastage of resources. Improves

Relationship Between Production Planning and Control Production planning and control are closely related to one another. They go hand in hand and are supplementary in character.Ten points explain the relationship between production planning and control:Image credits � Prof. Mudit Katyani. Meaning. Goals. Course of action. Work performance. Operations. Resources. Directions. Weaknesses. Let's

Definition of Productivity The definition of productivity according to management expert Peter Drucker.�Productivity means the balance between all factors of production that will give the greatest output for the smallest effort.�Productivity is expressed or measured as a mathematical division of two important parameters (functions) viz., output and input.The concept of productivity is depicted in

Guidelines for determining performance dimensions Guidelines for determining performance dimensions are depicted below.The dimensions of performance must be as follows:Performance dimensions (Quantity & Quality) must be fixed in advance. Dimensions must be clearly defined and easily understood by employees. They must be consistent with the image or goodwill of the company. Quality standards must

Classification of Performance Dimensions A dimension is a measurable extent of any kind. It is usually measured in terms of various extends like shape, size, quality and quantity.The performance dimensions can be classified into following:Quantity - which is the primary dimension of performance. Quality - which is the secondary dimension of performance.Image below depicts this classification of

Advantages of Work Sampling The benefits or advantages of work sampling method are as follows:Image credits � Prof. Mudit Katyani.Work sampling gives an unbiased result since workmen are not under close observation. A work sampling study may be interrupted at any time without affecting the results. Work sampling can be conducted by anyone with limited training. There is no need to have experts.

Work Measurement Techniques Image depicts different work measurement techniques, methods or types.Work measurement techniques are listed below:Historical data method - It uses the past performance data to set performance standards. Time study - It uses stop watch and is best suited for short-cycle repetitive jobs. Work sampling - Here, workers are observed many times at random. Synthesis method

Definition of Work Measurement According to International Labour Organization�Work measurement is the application of techniques designed to establish the time taken for a qualified worker to carry out a specified job (task) at a defined level (rate) of performance.�International Labour Organization (ILO) stated this important definition of work measurement in its publication.Now let's proceed to

Standards Required at Various Levels of Production Standards are fixed at various levels of production. This is done to ensure some minimum expected output in the production process. Standards are established to maintain a production efficiency. These help to optimally utilizing various factors of production and achieve some fixed amount of output in terms of both; quality and quantity.Important

Methods of Conducting a Marketing Audit Marketing audit is an examination of the marketing activities of company. It must be conducted by impartial persons.Auditors must be properly qualified, trained and experienced enough to do the audit. They must have a complete knowledge and exposure of marketing.Image below depicts the methods of conducting a marketing audit.Following methods are used to

Scope, Areas or Types of Marketing Audit There are no fixed guidelines regarding the scope, areas or types of marketing audit. In other words, the scope of marketing audit is not fixed. It changes from company to company. Each company can make its own marketing audit plan. However, the scope of marketing audit must include the following areas or types:The six important types of marketing audit

Explain the Characteristics of Marketing Audit The eight important characteristics of marketing audit are depicted below.The salient features or characteristics of marketing audit are as follows:Marketing audit is a comprehensive study of all marketing activities. It is a systematic-process that follows a step-by-step procedure. It is a periodic activity and must be conducted regularly. It is